
Beekeeping Tips for the UK’s Coldest Month
As January fades into February, beekeepers across the UK brace for what is often the coldest month of the year. With temperatures dipping and food stores dwindling, your bees face a critical time. Here are some tips to help your colonies thrive as they await the arrival of spring.

1. Monitor Hive Health Without Disturbance
February is not the time for extensive hive inspections. Opening the hive in freezing temperatures can disrupt the bees' carefully maintained internal climate. Instead, observe from the outside:
- Check for activity: On milder days, you might see a few bees venturing out on cleansing flights.
- Look for signs of life: Press your ear gently to the hive and listen for the hum of the colony.
If you’re unsure about the colony’s health, use a stethoscope or a thermal camera for a non-intrusive check.

2. Ensure Sufficient Food Stores
Food scarcity is one of the biggest threats to bees during February. By now, their honey reserves may be running low. To help your colony:
- Provide fondant: Place these directly above the cluster to ensure easy access.*
- Avoid liquid feed: Syrups can chill the hive and are less suitable for winter.**
Check periodically and replenish as needed to keep the colony fed until nectar flows begin in spring.

3. Inspect for External Damage
Winter storms and harsh conditions can take a toll on your hives. Take advantage of clear days to:
- Check for damage: Look for cracks, leaks or loose parts that could let in cold or moisture.
- Re-secure roof and walls: Ensure all components are snug and watertight.
- Clear entrances: Remove snow, debris, or dead bees blocking the entrance, but do this carefully to avoid disturbing the cluster.
- Consider using a

4. Control Moisture Levels
Excess moisture can be more harmful to your bees than the cold. Condensation inside the hive can chill the colony and lead to disease. To manage moisture:
- Tilt the hive slightly forward: This allows water to drain away from the entrance.
- Use a quilt box or absorbent material: Place it above the crown board to soak up excess humidity.***

5. Keep an Eye Out for Pests
Even in the cold, pests like mice and woodpeckers can trouble your hives:
- Check mouse guards: Ensure they are still securely in place.
- Deter woodpeckers: Use hive winter wraps or protective mesh if woodpecker activity is a concern in your area.

6. Plan Ahead for Spring
While you care for your hives this month, it’s also a good time to prepare for the upcoming season:
- Inspect equipment: Repair or replace damaged frames, boxes, and tools.
- Order supplies: Stock up on foundation, feed, and treatments to avoid delays when spring arrives.****
- Learn and connect: February is an excellent month to attend beekeeping courses or join local association meetings to share knowledge and prepare for the year ahead.
- We recommend Ted Hoopers book - Guide to Bees and Honey

7. Be Patient
February can feel like a waiting game, but patience is key. Your bees have spent the winter clustering to stay warm, and they’re nearly through the toughest part of the year.
Trust their instincts and focus on supporting them through these final weeks of winter.
A Final Note
As the days gradually lengthen and snowdrops begin to bloom, your bees will start to stir in preparation for spring. The care and attention you provide now will lay the foundation for a healthy and productive year ahead. Stay vigilant, be proactive, and take pride in supporting one of nature’s most essential creatures.
Here’s to a successful February and a thriving beekeeping season to come!
*When using fondant always use one designed for bees, place it over the hole in the crown board, use a super or eke as a spacer. Cover with an insulation quilt to keep the heat in.
**Syrup at this time of year can cause dysentery, it’s cold the bees do not fly, the hive will become covered in faeces, this could lead to Nosema Ceranea or Nosema Apis and be terminal for the hive by early spring.
*** We have often used a carpet tile for this.
****It cannot be stressed enough what a difference fresh foundation makes to a hive. Replacing it every two years is a good guide, however, the advantages shown for replacing it every year are clear, not limited to good clean wax to be turned into a beautiful candle.